Usury

Loved the first two episodes, but one thing wasn’t 100% clear to me.

When the Jesuit priest mentions “usury”, is he saying that the Chinese lend the Portuguese their goods and the Portuguese keep the profits but must pay the Chinese interest?

Or is he saying that the Portuguese lend the Chinese their ships / delivery services and while the Chinese profit from the goods sold, they must pay the Portuguese interest?

Probably obvious, but I wasn’t entirely sure.